FOLLOWING THE TRACES OF THE WITCH CITY
“We are the granddaughters of the witches you weren’t able to burn.”
-Anonymous
The October is month of golden autumn that gives the nature the most fascinating colors. It is also known as a month of pumpkin pie, apple punch and Halloween. There is no way to forget the beauty of the tenth month, because it is a full of small wanders that keep us excited all year long. The dreams and the reality cross each other while we smell the chestnuts roasting on an open fire and finding ourselves lost in the whole new world.
However, there are places and people that enjoy the timeless magic, almost as if they have borrowed the Hogwarts rhythm of life. Witchcraft and wizardry, the small secrets and the big legends. The ordinary people and extraordinary powers. You can get into the other dimension and you can still be the part of this one. All we have to do is to reach Salem in Massachusetts and at that moment, the magic express will let us experience the centuries.
What is so special about Salem? Everything. That city has a spirit, it was born in tears and blood but it has survived the all scars of the cruel times. Being a witch city, even now, in modern and open-minded America, is still a sensible issue. That generation of people, with the DNA of the burnt witches is the one that has built the town and has given the life back to Salem, after so many deaths.
The tragedy of Salem was directly related to the tragedy of group of women accused of being witches, back in the spring of 1692. That was simply colonial Massachusetts, still afraid of the dark forces and still obsessed with the practice of fighting the devil and his servants. Everyone who has been different in puritan New England had a destiny of being targeted and punished. That was a real hunt on people who were not fitting into the codex of community. The religious terror if its own kind was an excuse for broken authority, failure of social consensus and absence of united identity of new colony. In that Salem was no place for the things that the simple minds could not have understood.
Everything started with the young girls who claimed that the local Parris’ Caribbean slave, Tituba bewitched them. We are talking here about 9-year-old Elizabeth (Betty) Parris and 11-year-old Abigail Williams (the daughter and niece of Samuel Parris, minister of Salem Village) that had symptoms of delusions, vomiting and muscle spasms. The mentioned girls suffered from the violent contortions and schizophrenic screaming so the communal doctor, William Griggs, diagnosed bewitchment. The Science magazine in 1976 published the study regarding the Salem outbreak of madness. The medicine explained all, the indicator of girls lunacy was fungus ergot, usually found in rye, wheat and cereals. The toxin was responsible for the wave of hysterical behavior and not the group of innocent older women. Unfortunately, the justice was too slow for the poor people that have been sacrificed as a scapegoat. Beside Tituba, Sarah Good and Sarah Osborn have been also considered as witches. All of them lived in the shadow of the community, fighting each day to survive hard life, far away from powerful witch elite they have been accused to belong to.
In one historical report, it is stated that the trial was very difficult:” The three accused witches were brought before the magistrates Jonathan Corwin and John Hathorne and questioned, even as their accusers appeared in the courtroom in a grand display of spasms, contortions, screaming and writhing. Though Good and Osborn denied their guilt, Tituba confessed. Likely seeking to save herself from certain conviction by acting as an informer, she claimed there were other witches acting alongside her in service of the devil against the Puritans. As hysteria spread through the community and beyond into the rest of Massachusetts, a number of others were accused, including Martha Corey and Rebecca Nurse–both regarded as upstanding members of church and community–and the four-year-old daughter of Sarah Good. Like Tituba, several accused ‘witches’ confessed and named still others, and the trials soon began to overwhelm the local justice system. In May 1692, the newly appointed governor of Massachusetts, William Phips, ordered the establishment of a special Court of Oyer (to hear) and Terminer (to decide) on witchcraft cases for Suffolk, Essex and Middlesex counties.”
The judge club, consisted of Hathorne, Samuel Sewall and William Stoughton made a decision to start punishing people for witchcraft. Bridget Bishop was hanged on the Gallows Hill in Salem Town and then the other people have been hanged, five more in July and five in August, but eight in September. The Devil did not save the witches from the unlimited human ignorance and the God did not save the common sense in that town. The egoistic and lunatic passions of Salem decided about the life and death, about blessings and sins. It is interesting to know that there was no legal base for this witch trial. Many of the trials have been decided before they have been processed and the victims have been chosen by the taste of public authorities. Who would ever think that the early courts have based their testimony on dreams and visions? Salem Witch trails confirmed the social importance of some people and the zero meaning of some others.
Later, Increase Mather, president of Harvard College and father of respected minister Cotton Mather, joined his son in the efforts to set up the regulations for witchcraft crimes and accusations and he stated:” It would better that ten suspected witches may escape than one innocent person be condemned.” That was a beginning of a counter fight for rights of people that are different. When Governor Phips dissolved the Court of Oyer and Terminer, the trials have been continued until early 1693 and the moment of releasing all those in prison on witchcraft charges by May Phips. The process was so shameful that in 1697, the Massachusetts General Court announced the day of fasting for the suffering of the Salem witch trials. That was the obvious proof that the complete trials have been orchestrated, manipulated and without any rational and logical ground. Even the leading justice Samuel Sewall apologized for his role in this black process. Nobody could have erased the pain of the people who have lost someone in the brainless hunts. The damage was too big to be fixed by some public steps and official pretending that all was simply mistake. All the memories have been buried with those who were imprinted with the letter of shame. The Colony tried to restore the good names of the punished people and to offer the financial restitution for the families of the condemned but the scream of the innocent is louder as the echo of passed centuries.
Nowadays, Salem is one peaceful town that has grounded its popularity on the black history of human suffering. Actually, the real, old Salem is Danvers, where the first trials actually started. However, Salem does not give up on the beauty of witchcraft legends in spite of the fact that witch tourism is on decline, according to the latest reports. Why? Simply because people are tired of worshipping the suffering and celebrating the pain. The dark tourism is slowly losing its attraction, even for the eccentrics, artists or adventurists. Maybe the people of Salem are tired of being labeled through the book of witch trials. We can still find the interesting small shops on the Essex Street like Hex, Omen or The Coven’s Cottage, opened in the early 1970s. If we visit some of them, we will breathe in the forbidden energy of wizardry. The matters of spirit and soul are merged into the perfect harmony that gives to Salem a portrait of place that must be seen.
Behind the witch things, there is a wide range of amazing attributes of this town that is going to overcome its own dark tourism marketing with the cultural and literal strength. Forget the witches; embrace the new pulse of Salem, expressed in Maritime National Historic Site, Peabody Essex Museum, Jazz Festival and Heritage Days. If you are still into the haunting mood and mode for time traveling into the witch trails, at least give a chance to this town to be something else but not the place of the horrible executions of innocent people. Salem deserves that chance, the condemned finally deserve to rest in peace.
SARAH MAX RESEARCH 
Unfortunately, despite all of humanity’s advancements in the 300+ years since these trials; they continue under a different facade. I am just not sure if it because we do not recognize the wolves in sheep’s clothing or we choose to ignore them, perhaps both.
Thank you for another great article; a mix of historical educational and social enlightenment.
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I love this- been there in Salem and other historic areas following the Witch trials… I have a story to share. At my friends place and visited by a spirit named Sara chatting over 10 hours, seeing things move, piano keys playing, lights flickering… Unreal!!! Love you! Hugs and kisses!!
________________________________
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Sarah’s evocative and relative article brought to mind the seemingly inevitable history of the Naumkeag people (i.e. the aboriginals who were inhabiting the area of what would become Salem when the Europeans first began to encroach upon the region): there is an entire history prior to the Salem witch trials of the native tribe that existed in the area that is neglected by the majority of scholars and historians, ostensibly. The Naumkeag had/have their own tragedies and tales of ghosts, etc.
The Naumkeag tribe maintained its independence, even as it acted as part of the Massachusett Confederacy of native tribes. Primarily, the territory of the Naumkeag was Essex County, Massachusetts. The name is said to refer to ‘fishing place’; from ‘namaas’ (fish) and ‘ki’ (place). This is a geographical reference to Massachusetts Bay, on the Atlantic Ocean coast.
At the time of The Great Migration to New England (i.e. Europeans) in the early-17th century, the Naumkeag population had been depleted, significantly: they engaged in a war with the Tarrantine people, beginning in 1615. A plague broke out in the area 1617, and took a particularly heavy toll with the Naumkeag people. The Tarrantines took advantage of this weakness, and further decimated their numbers; including killing their sachem (chief of the elders), Nanepashemet, in 1619. Upon this death, the general government of the tribe was continued by his widow. In 1633, there came another plague; probably, smallpox (which raged to such an extent as to nearly exterminate the tribe).
Numerous precautions were taken by the early Puritan settlers against native raids in this territory; including the construction of garrisons and posting of sentries. However, there is little historical evidence that the Naumkeag people were anything but peaceful in their relationships with the Europeans. Toward the end of the 17th century, several towns in the area had secured deeds from the heirs of Nanepashemet; including Salem.
The Tarrantine people were a warlike band, who did not practice agriculture and who supplemented their food supplies obtained by hunting with raids on the stores of more sedentary bands who cultivated crops and resided along the New England coast and its tidal rivers.
In the first three decades of the 17th century, the Tarrantines had a warlike reputation with their southwestern neighbours. The Tarrantines were spared the epidemic of 1617 that devastated the Native American populations to their south; leaving the neighbouring tribes greatly outnumbered. Due to their proximity to fur traders of Maine and Quebec, the Tarrantines had access to firearms; giving them a technological advantage as well.
The area of what would become Salem had tales of ghosts and burial grounds associated with the Naumkeag. The European political and mercantile leaders played down these stories, etc., in order to placate the colonials and make the ear appear to be ‘pure’ and an untouched land given to the Puritans by their god.
So, there is a hum beneath the streets of Salem that reaches back to the bones of the Naumkeag…
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Thank you, Sarah, for covering this important story, and for uncovering its myths!
It’s so sad how “humans” have behaved over the centuries in the name of religion ! It appears that, in general, people have used religion more often for the greater evil rather than for the greater good ! What a shame !
“Humans” ought to start thinking more logically and more rationally, if they are to advance ! To execute innocent people just because they are different is a travesty of the justice system !
It’s time everyone, starting with Salem, Massachusetts, to look foreword for a brighter future that is not made on the backs of, and at the expense of, innocent people !
Further, it is time Dark Tourism stopped, as it is evil and celebrates calamities and death !
It is time we, as humans, started jubilating over joyous times, not sad ones !
What a well-researched and well-presented article, Sarah ! I also doff my hat to you for your amazing choice of your illustrations !
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1.5 BILLION FOLLOW THIS ARABIAN CLOWN:
MUHAMMAD AND SATAN
1. Muhammad said that yawning is from Satan.
1. The Prophet said, “Yawning is from Satan and if anyone of you yawns, he should check his yawning as much as possible, for if anyone of you (during the act of yawning) should say: ‘Ha’, Satan will laugh at him.” Volume 4, Book 54, Number 509: Narrated Abu Huraira:
2. Muhammad said that yawning is from Satan and that Allah likes sneezing and dislikes yawning.
1. The Prophet said, “Allah likes sneezing and dislikes yawning, so if someone sneezes and then praises Allah, then it is obligatory on every Muslim who heard him, to say: May Allah be merciful to you (Yar-hamuka-l-lah). But as regards yawning, it is from Satan, so one must try one’s best to stop it, if one says ‘Ha’ when yawning, Satan will laugh at him.” Volume 8, Book 73, Number 242: Narrated Abu Huraira: See also Volume 8, Book 73, Number 245:, Narrated Abu Huraira:
3. Muhammad said a good dream is from Allah and a bad dream is from Satan.
1. The Prophet said, “A good dream is from Allah, and a bad or evil dream is from Satan; so if anyone of you has a bad dream of which he gets afraid, he should spit on his left side and should seek Refuge with Allah from its evil, for then it will not harm him.” Volume 4, Book 54, Number 513: Narrated Abu Qatada:ï’
2. I heard the Prophet saying, “A good dream is from Allah, and a bad dream is from Satan. So if anyone of you sees (in a dream) something he dislikes, when he gets up he should blow thrice (on his left side) and seek refuge with Allah from its evil for then it will not harm him.” Volume 7, Book 71, Number 643: Narrated Abu Qatada:
3. The Prophet said, “A good dream is from Allah, and a bad dream is from Satan. So whoever has seen (in a dream) something he dislike, then he should spit without saliva, thrice on his left and seek refuge with Allah from Satan, for it will not harm him, and Satan cannot appear in my shape.” Volume 9, Book 87, Number 124: Narrated Abu Qatada:
4. Muhammad said that Satan stayed in the upper part of a nose all night.
1. The Prophet said, “If anyone of you rouses from sleep and performs the ablution, he should wash his nose by putting water in it and then blowing it out thrice, because Satan has stayed in the upper part of his nose all the night.” Volume 4, Book 54, Number 516: Narrated Abu Huraira:
5. Muhammad said a cock crows because it has seen an angel and donkeys bray because they have seen Satan.
1. The Prophet said, “When you hear the crowing of cocks, ask for Allah’s Blessings for (their crowing indicates that) they have seen an angel. And when you hear the braying of donkeys, seek Refuge with Allah from Satan for (their braying indicates) that they have seen a Satan.” Volume 4, Book 54, Number 522: Narrated Abu Huraira:
6. Muhammad said that Satan touches all human offspring making them cry.
1. Abu Huraira said, “I heard Allah’s Apostle saying, ‘There is none born among the off-spring of Adam, but Satan touches it. A child therefore, cries loudly at the time of birth because of the touch of Satan, except Mary and her child.” Then Abu Huraira recited: “And I seek refuge with You for her and for her offspring from the outcast Satan” (3.36) Volume 4, Book 55, Number 641:Narrated Said bin Al-Musaiyab:Also, same thing at Volume 6, Book 60, Number 71:, Narrated Said bin Al-Musaiyab:
7. Muhammad said that devils spread out at night time and that Satan does not open a closed door.
1. Allah’s Apostle said, “When night falls (or when it is evening), stop your children from going out, for the devils spread out at that time. But when an hour of the night has passed, release them and close the doors and mention Allah’s Name, for Satan does not open a closed door. Tie the mouth of your water-skin and mention Allah’s Name; cover your containers and utensils and mention Allah’s Name. Cover them even by placing something across it, and extinguish your lamps.” Volume 7, Book 69, Number 527: Narrated Jabir bin ‘Abdullah
8. Muhammad said a child born from a union where a parent said a “phrase,” Satan cannot harm the child.
1. The Prophet said, “If anyone of you, when intending to have a sexual intercourse with his wife, says: ‘Bismillah, Allahumma jannibna-sh-shaitan, wa jannibi-sh-shaitan ma razaqtana,’ and if the couple are destined to have a child (out of that very sexual relation), then Satan will never be able to harm that child.” Volume 8, Book 75, Number 397: Narrated Ibn ‘Abbas:
9. Muhammad said that during sleep Satan ties knots at the back of the head.
1. Allah’s Apostle said, “During your sleep, Satan knots three knots at the back of the head of each of you, and he breathes the following words at each knot, ‘The night is long, so keep on sleeping,’ If that person wakes up and celebrates the praises of Allah, then one knot is undone, and when he performs ablution the second knot is undone, and when he prays, all the knots are undone, and he gets up in the morning lively and gay, otherwise he gets up dull and gloomy.” Volume 4, Book 54, Number 491: Narrated Abu Huraira:
10. Muhammad said that Satan peed in the ear of a man.
1. It was mentioned before the Prophet that there was a man who slept the night till morning (after sunrise). The Prophet said, “He is a man in whose ears (or ear) Satan had urinated.” Volume 4, Book 54, Number 492: Narrated ‘Abdullah:ï’
11. Muhammad said Satan can not impersonate him in a dream.
1. The Prophet said, “Name yourselves with my name (use my name) but do not name yourselves with my Kunya name (i.e. Abu-l Qasim). And whoever sees me in a dream then surely he has seen me for Satan cannot impersonate me. And whoever tells a lie against me (intentionally), then (surely) let him occupy his seat in Hell-fire.” Volume 1, Book 3, Number 110: Narrated Abu Huraira: Also at Volume 8, Book 73, Number 217: Narrated Abu Huraira:
12. Muhammad said earthquakes and afflictions come out of the side of the head of Satan.
1. (The Prophet) said, “O Allah! Bless our Sham and our Yemen.” People said, “Our Najd as well.” The Prophet again said, “O Allah! Bless our Sham and Yemen.” They said again, “Our Najd as well.” On that the Prophet said, “There will appear earthquakes and afflictions, and from there will come out the side of the head of Satan.” Volume 2, Book 17, Number 147: Narrated Ibn ‘Umar:
13. Muhammad choked Satan
1. The Prophet once offered the prayer and said, “Satan came in front of me and tried to interrupt my prayer, but Allah gave me an upper hand on him and I choked him. No doubt, I thought of tying him to one of the pillars of the mosque till you get up in the morning and see him. Then I remembered the statement of Prophet Solomon, ‘My Lord ! Bestow on me a kingdom such as shall not belong to any other after me.’ Then Allah made him (Satan) return with his head down (humiliated).” Volume 2, Book 22, Number 301, Narrated Abu Huraira
14. Muhammad said Satan passes wind and runs so he may not hear the Adhan (call to prayer).
1. Allah’s Apostle said, “When the Adhan for the prayer is pronounced, then Satan takes to his heels passing wind so that he may not hear the Adhan and when the Muadh-dhin finishes, he comes back; Volume 2, Book 22, Number 313: Narrated Abu Huraira,
o Allah’s Apostle said, “When the call for prayer is made, Satan takes to his heels passing wind so that he may not hear the Adhan and when the call is finished he comes back, and when the Iqama is pronounced, Satan again takes to his heels, Volume 2, Book 22, Number 323, Narrated Abu Huraira:
15. Muhammad said that when praying while standing, Satan puts doubts into the person.
0. Allah’s Apostle said, “When anyone of you stands for the prayers, Satan comes and puts him in doubts till he forgets how many Rakat he has prayed. So if this happens to anyone of you, he should perform two prostrations of Sahu while sitting. Volume 2, Book 22, Number 324: Narrated Abu Huraira:
16. Muhammad said that Satan can reach into a person’s body the same as blood reaches it.
0. Safiya, the wife of the Prophet told me that she went to Allah’s Apostle to visit him in the mosque while he was in Itikaf in the last ten days of Ramadan. She had a talk with him for a while, then she got up in order to return home. The Prophet accompanied her. When they reached the gate of the mosque, opposite the door of Um-Salama, two Ansari men were passing by and they greeted Allah’s Apostle . He told them: Do not run away! And said, “She is (my wife) Safiya bint Huyai.” Both of them said, “Subhan Allah, (How dare we think of any evil) O Allah’s Apostle!” And they felt it. The Prophet said (to them), “Satan reaches everywhere in the human body as blood reaches in it, (everywhere in one’s body). I was afraid lest Satan might insert an evil thought in your minds.” Volume 3, Book 33, Number 251: Narrated Ali bin Al-Husain: Also, see 254
17. Muhammad said affliction comes out of the side of Satan’s head.
0. The Prophet stood up and delivered a sermon, and pointing to ‘Aisha’s house (i.e. eastwards), he said thrice, “Affliction (will appear from) here,” and, “from where the side of the Satan’s head comes out (i.e. from the East).” Volume 4, Book 53, Number 336: Narrated ‘Abdullah:
1. I saw Allah’s Apostle pointing towards the east saying, “Lo! Afflictions will verily emerge hence; afflictions will verily emerge hence where the (side of the head of) Satan appears.” Volume 4, Book 54, Number 499: Narrated ‘Abdullah bin ‘Umar:
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ISLAMIC WOMEN VOODOO
Strictly, the topic of treatment of women in Islam, in itself, is massive. Please read other essays on this issue. Many such callous treatments are based upon superstitions, archaic, and barbaric traditions. They are nothing but ‘voodoos’ in a modern society.
In Islam, a woman is truly problematic. From the moment of her birth until her death she endures much more Islamic tyranny than a male Muslim.
All these Islamic torment is inflicted on her just because of her sex and biology. When we pursue this episode, we will understand why the Islamists encapsulate a woman with so much of ‘voddoo’ burden, and why it is just impossible to reform Islam, vis‐à‐vis women.
Monthly period of a woman is the basis of survival of human species. This natural phenomenon is prevalent in all mammals. There is nothing impure, ugly, reprehensible, or sinful in this biological cycle of a woman. We must respect, show understanding, and provide all assistance and care so that a woman passes this period with ease, comfort, and hassle‐free.
FROM TH E MOMENT OF H ER BIRTH UNTIL HER DEATH SHE ENDURES MUCH MORE ISLAMIC TYRANNY TH AN A MALE MUSLIM. ALL THESE ISLAMIC TORMENT IS INFLICTED ON HER JUST BECAUSE OF HER SEX AND BIOLOGY.
Unfortunately, in many religions this monthly period of a woman is treated as a disease, unholy, and impure. Islam is no exception on this. It appears that Allah Himself has a great dislike for the menstruation cycle of a woman, even when He Himself had designed this biological process, for the survival of His creation.
In verse 2:222 of the Qur’an Allah has declared menstruation as a disease, and has instructed men not to indulge in sex during this sickness of women. Embarrassed, many Islamists often twist the wordings and insist that this verse actually shows utmost respect for women’s period. This explanation by the crafty Islamists is just a fib. For the truth of Allah’s hatred for women’s period we must turn to hadith.
Sahih Bukhari (3.31.172) says that menstruation is a defect in women, for they cannot fast and pray during their periods. Allah has more hatred for women who have prolonged and heavy flow during her period.
In Sunaan Abu Dawud (1.1.0287) we read that excessive blood‐flow during a woman’s period is from Satan. To illustrate the damaging effect of women’s menstruation, ibn Sad (p.1.22) writes that the menstruating women and unclean people touched the white stone (of Kaba), so it turned black.
Surprisingly, Benjamin Walker (p.47) writes that Kaba means female pudenda. In fact, the Black Stone is shaped like a vulva, while the shrine itself is set in an ovoid space. In a hadith in Sunaan ibn Majah (1.595, 596) Muhammad said that a sexually defiled man and a menstruating woman cannot recite the Qur’an.
Since Allah has declared menstruation a disease, defilement, here are a few Islamic methods to cleanse a woman when she is menstruating:
After menstruation clean the private parts and apply musk (fragrance)
there…(Sahih Muslim, 3.0647)
Put a dish under a menstruating woman’s vulva while she is in prayer…(Sahih Bukhari, 1.6.306)
Use saliva and nails to rub off bloodstains from period…(Sahih Bukhari, 1.6.309)
Wash period blood with jujube leaves…Sunaan Nasai, 1.295)
Period blood, clean with musk…(Sunaan Nasai,1.429)
Besides hating women’s menstruation, Allah insults them further in verse 2:223. In this verse, Allah considers women’s vagina as a sowing field, like a machine to produce babies. He says (in verse 2:223) that wives are tilths, sow in them in whatever manner you like. Ibn Abbas says that this verse means the vulvas of your wives are plantations for your offspring, and Jalalyn explains that it is the place where you sow [the seeds of] your children.
If, by mistake, or by chance, a man has intercourse with his wife during her period, Islam prescribes financial penalty to expiate this infraction (i.e., violating verse 2:222).
There are a number of hadiths on this peculiar Islamic punitive measure. Here are a few samples:
If you have sexual intercourse with your wife while she is menstruating then you must give one Dinar or half a Dinar in alms…(Sunaan Abu Dawud, 1.0264)
Perform sexual intercourse during the start of menstruation, pay one Dinar; towards the end of menstruation—pay half a Dinar…(Sunaan Abu Dawud, 1.1.0265)
Do sexual intercourse during a woman’s period, donate one Dinar or half‐a‐ Dinar…(Sunaan ibn Majah, 1.640, 650)
Do sex with a menstruating woman, pay a fine of one Dinar…(Sunaan Nasai, 1.292)
The above hadiths demonstrate the legal force of Islamic Voodoos.
In Islam, it is believed that during her orgasm, a woman ejaculates sperm, just as a man does. A few hadiths even suggest that as a man has nocturnal emission or wet dreams, a woman too discharges her sperm during her sexual dreams. Here are a few hadiths to marvel at Allah’s incredible biology.
When a woman ejaculates sperm, she should take a bath…(Sunaan Nasai, 1.198,
199)
If a woman has nocturnal discharge, she should take a bath…(Sunaan Nasai, 1.197)
When a woman has wet dreams, she should take a bath…(Sunaan Nasai, 1.200)
Men’s sperm is white; women’s sperm is yellow…(Sunaan Nasai, 1.202)
Women has discharges during wet dreams, that is why the son resembles the mother…(Sahih Bukhari, 1.3.132)
In the Qur’an Allah expresses His dislike for females. In verse 43:18 we read that the weak personality of females cannot be associated with Allah; Allah does not like daughters (women). Undeniably, in this verse, Allah openly disparages women. We might think that maybe we are missing something good in this verse, may be Allah cannot be that hateful to women, who He had created from Adam’s rib.
To clarify that Allah does indeed dislike women, here is what ibn Kathir writes about this verse:
Women are regarded as lacking something, which they make up for with jewellery and adornments from the time of childhood onwards, and when there is a dispute, they cannot speak up and defend themselves clearly, so how can this be attributed to Allah?
In hadiths we read the reasons why Allah considers women crooked and reprehensible.
Sahih Bukhari (7.62.114) writes that Allah created women from Adam’s rib; that is why she is crooked.
Sahih Muslim (8.3466) writes that a woman is like a rib, if you straighten it you will break it and if you leave her alone you will benefit by her; her crookedness will remain in her.
In another hadis in Sahih Muslim (8.3467) we read that Allah created women crooked: if you try to straighten her you will break her and breaking her is divorcing her.
Imam Ghazali exposes more of Allah’s displeasure for women. He writes (Ghazali, p.2.41) that daughters are such burdensome that a man will go to paradise for having the burden of one or two or three daughters. This should not surprise us considering the truth that in many Islamic paradises ‘honour’ killing of women is not considered a serious crime. In Islam, women’s lives are indeed very cheap—Allah has rendered a woman nothing more than mere chattels in the hands of either her father, or her husband, or her son, or her brother, or her grandson, or her legal guardian. In Islam, it is compulsory that a woman must be always under the guardianship of a male or her Wali.
In Islam, a woman is viewed merely as a repository of sexual organs. Here is what Ghazali (p.2.43), the greatest of all Islamic scholars writes about women. Ghazali quotes Ali, Muhammad’s cousin and son‐in‐law:
A woman has ten private parts. When she gets married, her husband covers one private part; when she dies the grave covers other nine private parts.
Allah’s hate for a barren woman has no bound. Ghazali (p.2.24) writes that Muhammad said:
A prison in the corner of a house is better than a childless woman.
Ghazali (ibid) writes further that an ugly woman with children is better than a beautiful woman without children.
Please read the following hadiths to measure the Islamic Status of a woman:
A woman, an ass and a dog disrupts the prayer; if you use the back of a saddle then that will guard against the disruption of the prayer… (Sahih Muslim, 4.1034)
A passing woman, a dog, and a monkey annul a prayer. Aisha complained that
Muhammad’s companions had made women dogs… (Sahih Bukhari, 1.9.490,
493,498)
A menstruating woman and a dog cuts off a prayer…(Sunaan Abu Dawud, 2.0703)
A black dog is Satan; or a donkey or a woman cancels a prayer…(Sunaan ibn Majah, 2.952)
An ass, a woman, and a black dog annuls a prayer…(Sunaan Nasai, 1.753)
I quoted from the five of Sahih Sitta (the authentic six) hadiths to demonstrate the importance of this hadith.
In Islam, a woman is an extension of Satan or devil. This might sound unbelievable to those who are accustomed to the secular (or non‐religious) treatment of women in un‐Islamic countries. There are plenty authentic Islamic sources where women are truly considered as devils. Let us consult a few such Islamic scriptures.
In Sahih Muslim (8.3240, 3242) and in Sunaan Abu Dawud (2.11.2146) we read that a woman advances and retires in the shape of a devil; so when one sees a woman, he should come to his wife and have intercourse with her. Truly, Muhammad did the same. Once after watching a beautiful and sexy woman, Muhammad hurried to have sex with
Zaynab bt. Jahsh.
Imam Ghazali (p.2.26) confirms this hadith by repeating the story. Another hadith in Tirmidhi (927) writes that after watching a charming woman Muhammad hurried to have sex with Sawda, another of his wives; then he said, ‘Your wife is the same kind of thing as the other woman.’
Ghazali (p.2.26) explains the devilish nature of woman in this manner:
If you see a woman in front (sic) she is a devil. After seeing such a woman, hurry to your wife because your wife also becomes a devil; have sex with your wife.
Ghazali upholds the misogyny nature of Islam. He writes (ibid, p.2.43) that a woman is like a private part. When she comes out of her house the devil holds her high. Ghazali (p.3.87) even quotes Muhammad,
“A woman is the string of the devil.”
A hadith in Sunaan ibn Majah (5.4003) tells unambiguously that women are stupid; they lack intelligence, no matter how educated and scholarly she might be (remember, Ms. Banazir Bhutto was a Harvard and Oxford graduate). According to Islamic Sharia, a woman cannot be a judge, and she can never be a caliph or the head of an Islamic Paradise. In case we are thinking of Indonesia, Bangladesh, or Pakistan, please know that these countries are not real Islamic. Most Islamists will tell us that so far, there has never been a perfect Islamic country, since Muhammad had established such a paradise in Medina.
Let us consult the following hadith to ascertain why in a perfect Islamic society a woman can never be the head of state.
People ruled by a woman will never be successful (a jihadist who fought in the battle of the camel remembered this saying of Muhammad)…(Sahih Bukhari, 5.59.709)
If a nation is ruled by a woman then that nation will not succeed…(Sahih Bukhari, 9.88.219)
A woman, a slave, and an unbeliever is not fit to be a moral police…(Ghazali, p.3.87)
Islam considers women truly evil. Numerous ahadith attest that as per Islam a woman is no better than a horse, a camel, a crow, or a house, because, in Islam, these objects are treated as signs of bad omen. Let us read the following messages of Islam:
The evil omens are: the horse, the women and the house…(Sahih Bukhari, 4.52.110, 111)
A house, a horse and a woman is an evil omen; a mat in a house is better than a barren woman…(Sunaan Abu Dawud, 3.29.3911)
If there is a bad luck in anything then it is horse, the abode and the woman…(Sahih Muslim, 26.5528, 5529)
No good fortune in a woman, a horse and a house…(Sunaan ibn Majah, 3.1993)
Seek refuge from a woman, a servant and cattle—they are evils…(Sunaan ibn Majah, 3.1918)
Miserliness, pride, and cowardice are bad for men but good for women…(Ghazali, p.2.32)
On the treatment of women in Islam here are a few more remarkable quotes from Ghazali:
Muhammad said, “Fear unchaste women because she will make you old before you grow old”… (Ghazali, p.2.34)
Women are like crows; only a religious woman is like a crow with white belly among one hundred crows…(Ghazali, p.2.34)
In Islam, women are such despicable that a man should never shake hands with a woman who is not his wife. It seems, in Islam, a leper’s hand is purer than a woman’s hand. Reportedly, Muhammad had never touched the hands of a woman, except his wives. Here are a few hadiths on Muhammad’s great hatred for women who were not his wives.
Muhammad never shook hands with a woman…(Sunaan ibn Majah, 4.2874)
Muhammad never touched the hand of a woman except his wives…(Sunaan ibn Majah, 4.2875)
Muhammad had the harshest words for those women who indulged spending time in beauty parlours. Further, it is the duty of a woman to sexually satisfy her husband no matter what.
If a woman does not immediately respond to her husband’s call for sex she is doomed to face Allah’s wrath, until she surrenders her person to her husband.
Here are a few ahadith to demonstrate Allah’s wrath for women who attempt to beautify their appearances and do otherwise when her husband calls her for sex.
Allah curses the women who wear false hair…(Sahih Muslim, 24.5295)
Allah destroyed the Bani Israel people when their women wore false hair…(Sahih Muslim, 24.5306)
Allah curses those women who practise tattooing and those women who get themselves tattooed or those women who manipulate their teeth to look beautiful…(Sahih Bukhari, 7.72.815)
Allah gets displeased with the woman who does not immediately respond when her husband demands sex from her…(Sahih Muslim, 8.3367, 3368)
The angels curse a woman for refusing to have sex with her husband…(Sahih Bukhari, 4.54.460)
Gold necklaces and gold rings on a woman’s body are like fire put on her on the resurrection day…(Sunaan Abu Dawud, 34.4226)
Women cannot wear bells on their legs. There is a devil along with each bell…34.4218)
Men’s perfume should have an odor but no color and women’s perfume should have color but no odor. This means that she should not wear any perfume while going out but she can wear a perfume when she is with her
husband…(Sunaan Abu Dawud, 32.4037)
Allah does not accept a woman’s prayer unless she prays wearing a veil…(Sunaan Abu Dawud, 2.0641)
Here are a few hadiths where Muhammad claimed that he saw that most of the inhabitants of hell are women.
Majority in hell are women because they are ungrateful to their husbands…(Sahih Bukhari,
1.2.28)
Majority of women are in hell because they are deficient in intelligence…(Sahih Bukhari, 1.6.301)
Those women who are naked even in their dresses and lead their husbands to astray will go to hell…(Sahih Muslim, 24.5310)
A naked woman tears down the curtain of Allah…(Sunaan ibn Majah, 5.3750)
A woman should veil herself even from a blind man [note 3532, vol. iii, p.1147]…(Sunaan Abu Dawud, 3.32.4100)
The most striking aspect of an Islamic woman is that she could never be independent. From birth to death she must be under the spell of Islamic Voodoos—under the control of her male owner, also known as Wali. This wali starts with the father, then husband, then son, then any other male relative who is eligible to be her mahram (a Muslim
man who can meet her without having her to wear her veil, or with whom she could be alone in privacy).
Thus, a good woman (Islamic) must be obedient, and must never ever try to set herself free to decide her life. This lack of freedom of choice extends even to the extent of choosing her marriage partner.
In verse 2:232 Allah advises a woman’s guardian not to prevent her from marrying her former husband. Many scholars indicate that this verse means that the woman is not permitted to give herself in marriage. Rather, she requires a wali—a guardian, such as her father, brother, adult son, and so forth, to give her away in marriage, for only
the adulteress gives herself away in marriage. True to the spirit of the above Qur’anic verse, a number of hadiths say that a woman should never chose her marriage partner herself, if she violates this rule she is an adulteress.
In Sunaan ibn Majah (3.1882) and Tirmidhi (934) we read that if a woman contracts her own marriage she is an adulteress. Sunaan Tirmidhi (35) even writes that only an immoral woman gives herself in marriage.
Thus, the first quality of a good Islamic woman is for her not to seek her independence at any time of her life. She must remain a charge or a dependant until her death. Here are few ahadith which tell women how to be a good Muslimah (Islamic woman) or to enter hell as a bad woman.
The best and the most righteous women among the Quraysh were the riders of camels…(Sahih Bukhari, 7.62.19)
A woman should not ask a man to divorce his current wife to marry her, instead she should happily accept to be his another wife…(Sahih Bukhari, 8.77.598)
A good Muslimah readily undergoes female circumcision (cliterodectomy); as that is better for a her and more desirable for her husband…(Sunaan Abu Dawud, 41.5251)
For voluntary fasting a woman needs her husband’s permission…(Sunaan ibn Majah, 3.1762)
A woman who asks her ugly husband to divorce her will not enter paradise…(Sunaan ibn Majah, 3.2054, 2055, 2057)
A woman, alone cannot take a journey for more than a day…(Sunaan ibn Majah, 4.2899)
THE MOST RIGHTEOUS MUSLIMAHS
During prayer at home women stand behind men…(Sunaan ibn Majah, 2.975)
Women can pray in the darkness of a mosque…(Sunaan Nasai, 2.1365)
This is perhaps the most laughable of all Islamic voodoos. Statistics show that in virtually all the Islamic paradises there is shortage of women. In Arab countries, such as Bahrain, Dubai, Kuwait there is severe shortage of women. But Islamic scriptures say in the days to come each Muslim man will enjoy between forty to fifty women. When we assume that male to female ratio to be 50:50, currently there will be around 600 million Muslim men and 600 million Muslim women around the globe. Now, according to hadith, during the last days (assuming it happens now) there should be around 30000 million (or 30 billion) Muslim women in the world. This figure does not include the natural increase in population. Please read the following hadiths to marvel at Muhammad’s statistics.
During the last hour knowledge would be taken away and ignorance would prevail, liquor would be drunk and adultery would be rampant, there will be one man to look after fifty women…(Sahih Muslim, 34.6451, 6452)
Portents of hour are: religious ignorance, drinking, sex, and fifty women per men…(Sahih Bukhari, 1.3.80, 81)
IN ISLAMIC PARADISE MEN WI LL EN JOY PLENTY OF WOMEN
There will be scarcity of men; forty women for one man…(Sahih Bukhari, 2.24.495)
Each inmate of paradise will have 72 women; two will be from his wives on earth and 70 will be from the non‐believers’ women; everyone with pleasant vagina; the man will have permanent erection; Muslims will inherit pharaohs wives…(Sunaan ibn Majah, 5.4337)
Recently, this topic has been of worldwide interest when an al‐Azhar academic proposed an Islamic solution to prevent the sex segregation in Islamic offices. He suggested that the lactating (or women who could produce milk, somehow or other) women in the office breastfeed their male counterpart, for the men to become their mahram. This meant that having suckled the breast of the women, these men will become haram to the women who had breastfed them, and therefore, these men will be permitted to visit these women in the privacy of their office rooms.
Please do not laugh.
The al‐Azhar academic gave his recommendations based on a few hadiths. Deeply embarrassed, the al‐Azhar authority, subsequently, claimed that Muhammad had instructed this procedure only as a once off case. Later, the academic lost his job for indulging in hadith fabrication.
Was the al‐Azhar academic correct? He was, of course right in his assertion of the hadith. However, whether Muhammad made this one off or not is fiercely contested by opposing camps. There are controversial hadiths on this, so this has become a subject of fierce debate.
Let us read this interesting hadith.
A woman can suckle a grown up bearded man so that she becomes haram for him (i.e. they cannot get married; Hudhaifa, let his young wife suckle Salem, the freed‐slave of him to make Salim sexually haram for her)…(Sahihh Muslim, 8.3428).
Because this is such an amazing hadis, let us read the full text.
SAHIH MUSLIM, BOOK 008, NUMBER 3428:
Zainab daughter of Abu Salama reported:
I heard Umm Salama, the wife of Allah’s Apostle (may peace be upon him, saying to ‘A’isha: By Allah, I do not like to be seen by a young boy who has passed the period of fosterage, whereupon she (‘A’isha) said: Why is it so? Sahla daughter of Suhail came to Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) and said: Allah’s Messenger, I swear by Allah that I see in the face of
Abu Hudhaifa (the signs of disgust) on account of entering of Salim (in the
house), whereupon Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) said: Suckle him. She (Sahla bint Suhail) said: He has a beard. But he (again) said: Suckle him, and it would remove what is there (expression of disgust) on the face of Abu Hudhaifa. She said: (I did that) and, by Allah, I did not see (any sign of disgust) on the face of Abu Hudhaifa.
Sunaan ibn Majah narrates a similar hadis.
A woman can suckle (breastfeed) a grown up (with beard)
man to make him unlawful to her for marriage… (Sunaan ibn Majah, 3.1943)
This event is better understood from the following narrations (Muhammad’s Companions, p.188‐189):
Abu Abdullah Salim remained a freed slave of Abu
Hudhayfa. Salim married Hudhayfah’s niece
Fatima bt. Waleed. Abu Hudhayfah’s wife was Sahla bt. Suhail When he became a bearded adult he was breastfed bySahla. He was not an Arab but an Iranian. Abu Hudhayfa,
the son of Utba b. Rabiah, adopted him.
Abu Hudhayfa’s freed slave was Salim. Hudhayfa disliked the free entrance in his house of Salim, then a grown up adult with beard. Muhammad permitted Sahla to breastfeed a bearded Salim so that he became her foster son (ibid, p.415). Sahla bt. Suhail breastfed Salim. Muhammad said to Sahla, “Feed him the milk from your breast, and thus he will become your confidant and shall be able to be admitted into the women’s apartment (ibid, p.190).”
Muhammad, however, recommends that a man should not have sex with a lactating woman. In Sunaan ibn Majah (3.2012) we read that do not have sex with a woman who suckles a baby, if you do, her child will become a very weak rider, he will die falling down from the horse.
Here are two interesting hadiths to amuse the readers
If you marry a virgin woman then stay with her for a week; if you marry a previously married woman then stay with her for three days…(Sahih Muslim, 8.3443, 3444)
Spend three nights with a previously married woman and seven nights with a virgin woman…(Sunaan ibn Majah, 3.1916, 1917)
Despite the enthusiastic claims by the crafty Islamists of today, that Islam is a religion of peace, rationality and scientific thought, it is quite clear that Islam is just the opposite of what these Islamists claim. From the founts of Islam, such as the Qur’an, ahadith, and Sharia we can demonstrate that Islam is deeply mired in superstitious, fallacious, irrational, unscientific, unhealthy, and sometimes simply dangerous voodoo practices and beliefs which might be mind‐boggling to those who are not familiar with the ‘true’ nature of Islam.
This ‘voodoo’ nature of Islam would not be a problem had Islam been like any other religion or voodoo cults of Africa, South America, or certain parts of Asia. As written in the beginning, the danger of Islamic voodoo emanates from the enforceable nature of Islamic irrationalities. Sharia laws give teeth to these Islamic mumbo‐jumbos, no matter how much the civilised world thinks them to be illogical, superstitious, barbaric and pure evil. In many Islamic societies, these Islamic ills are enforced with the might of legal power, and the Islamic courts mete out harsh punitive measures for violating them. Herein lays the reason/s why Islam cannot be reformed.
Before anyone attempts to reform Islam, he/she must reform the very sources of Islam, that is, the Qur’an, hadiiths, and Sharia. It is as simple as this. Except for Islam, most other religions have lost their teeth to enforce their ‘voodoos’ on gullible people. The exception is Islam.
Islam is the last frontier, which the humanity must conquer to ensure to live in a civilised society.
In essence, from this essay, we may conclude the following:
Islamic Voodoos are simply the irrationalities, and superstitious beliefs of the Bedouin Arabs. The aim of Islam is to impose on the world this Bedouin Arabism, through terror and bloodshed, if needed.
Islamic voodoos emanate straight from the Qur’an, ahadith, Sharia, and Sirah
(Muhammad’s biography).
It is compulsory for Muslims to believe in Islamic Jinns, Islamic Angels, and Islamic human Messenger (Muhammad).
Muslims must believe that some animals and insects are Muslims too. Like it or not, Allah will send a beast as the final messenger.
Islamic biology and embryology are the most unscientific, irrational, and superstitious. However, Muslims are forced to believe in such grossly corrupt, and ridiculous Islamic mumbo‐jumbo.
Many Mullahs use the Qur’an to practice Islamic Black Magic. In many Islamic societies, Islamic Black Magic is a flourishing business.
Non‐Muslims must endure Islamic punishment in their graves. Allah will not reprieve them even in their graves. This is a terror tactic par excellence, to coerce the non‐Muslims into Islam.
Like it or not, Muslims must believe in and resort to Islamic Medicines and Islamic surgeries, no matter how dangerous they could be. This Islamic medicine might even include the drinking of camels’ and cattle urine.
Equally dangerous are the use of Islamic medicines such as, human saliva, dust, and ash. Unfortunately, a true Muslim must believe in the healing power of such potentially harmful materials; he must not doubt what Muhammad had prescribed as Islamic medicines.
A mosque is a potentially dangerous place for the non‐Muslims. Allah has permitted His adherents to use mosque as a planning centre to conduct jihad, that is, to murder non‐Muslims. A mosque is also a potential Islamic voodoo centre.
Islamic personal hygiene practices are absolutely, unhealthy, impractical, and potentially dangerous.
Islam is Arab/white racism. Islam advocates the superiority of the Arab white‐complexion people. Islam detests the black Muslims. Even on the day of resurrection, Allah will not admit into paradise a pious Black Muslim, until Allah has changed his skin to white. This should be strong a message to all the African/American Black Muslims.
Islamic Voodoo is grossly enmeshed with the Islamic penis. An Islamic penis is very dear to Allah. Every Muslim man must be meticulous in taking care of his penis.
Islamic concept of human souls is the most unscientific, grossly untrue, and potentially harmful to those who undertake Islamic Black Magic.
Islamic toilet practices are crude, shameful, embarrassing, and have the potential to spread many life‐threatening epidemics.
Islamic Voodoos have the most damaging effect on women. Islam treats women as devils, stupid, impure, and less than human.
I NT ERNET RESOURCES
The following websites are useful to read online versions of the Qur’an and ahadith. Please note that only about fifty percent of all ahadith are available in the Internet version of Sunaan Abu Dawud. Note that not all ahadith of Sahih Bukhari are available in the internet version of it. Currently, as far as the author is aware of, the only source of the English translation of Tirmidhi ahadith is Alim CD ROM.
Abu Dawud, Sulayman b. al‐Ash’ath. AlSunaan, a collection of Hadith Translated in English by Prof. Ahmad Hasan:
http://www.usc.edu/dept/MSA/fundamentals/hadithsunnah/abudawud/
al‐Bukhari, Muhammad b. Ismail. Sahi Bukhari. Translated in English by Dr Muhammad Muhsin Khan: http://www.usc.edu/dept/MSA/fundamentals/hadithsunnah/bukhari/
ALIM CD ROM
http://www.simplyislam.com/iteminfo.asp?Item=30000
Ibn Kathir’s Tafsir (exegesis) of the Qur’an http://www.qtafsir.com
Tafsir ibn Abbas and Jalalyn http://www.altafsir.com/
Muslim, Abu al‐Hussain b. al‐Hajjaj al‐Qushairi. Sahi Muslim. Translated in English by Abdul Hamid Siddiqi:
http://www.usc.edu/dept/MSA/fundamentals/hadithsunnah/m uslim/
Malik’s Muwtta. Translators: Aisha Abdurrahman Bewley and Ya’qub Johnson:
http://www.simplyislam.com/iteminfo.asp?Item=30000
The Holy Qur’an. The internet version of three English translations can be read at:
http://www.usc.edu/dept/MSA/reference/reference.html
The Noble Qur’an Transliteration in Roman Script And English Translation of the Meanings.
http://www.witness-pioneer.org/vil/
P R INTED BOOKS
Abu Dawud, Sulayman b. al‐Ash’ath. 2001 AlSunaan, a collection of Hadith,vol.iii. Translated in English by Prof. Ahmad Hasan. Kitab Bhavan, 1784 Kalan Mahal, Daraya Ganj,
New Delhi‐110002 (India).
Abu Dawud, Sulayman b. al‐Ash’ath. 2001. AlSunaan, a collection of Hadith, vol.i. Translated in English by Prof. Ahmad Hasan, Kitab Bhavan, 1784 Kalan Mahal, Daraya Ganj, New Delhi‐110002 (India).
Abu Dawud, Sulayman b. al‐Ash’ath. 2001. AlSunaan, a collection of Hadith, vol.ii. Translated in English by Prof. Ahmad Hasan, Kitab Bhavan, 1784 Kalan Mahal, Daraya Ganj, New Delhi‐110002 (India).
al‐Ghazali, Abu Hamid al‐Tulsi. 1993. Ihya’ Ulum alDin (Revival of Religious Learnings).
Translated in English in four volumes by Fazl‐ul‐Karim, first edition. Darul Ishat, Urdu Bazar, Karachi, Pakistan.
Al‐Muwatta of Imam Malik ibn Anas. 2004. Translated in English by Aisha Abdurrahman
Bewley. Madinah Press Inverness, Paper Edition. ISBN 0710303610
al‐Tabari, Abu Ja’far Muhammad b. Jarir. 1988. Muhammad at Mecca, vol.vi. Translated and annotated by W. Montgomery Watt and M.V. McDonald, State University of New York Press, Albany.
Dashti, Ali. 1994. 23 Years: A Study in the Prophetic Career of Mohammad. Ttranslated from
Persian by F.R.C. Bagley, Mazda Publishers, Costa Masa, California.
Ibn Abdullah Tabrizi, Sheikh Wali‐ud‐Din Muahmmad. ‘Mishkat‐ul‐Masabih’, in three volumes. Translated and annotated by Abdul Hameed Siddiqui, Kitab Bhavan, 1784
Kalan Mahal, Daraya Ganj, New Delhi‐110002, India.1990.
Ibn Ishaq, Muhammad b. Yasr. 2001. Sirat Rasul Allah. Translated in English by A.
Guillaume. First published by Oxford University Press, London in 1955. Fifteenth reprint by Oxford University Press, Karachi, Pakistan.
Ibn Musa al‐Yahsubi, Qadi ‘Iyad, 2004. AshShifa, Translated in English by Aisha Abdarrahman Bewley, Medina Press. P.O. Box 5531, Inverness IV5 7YA, Scotland, UK, fifth print.
Ibn Sa’d, Abu Abd Allah Muhammad. 1972. Kitab alTabaqat, vol i. Translated in English by S.
Moinul Haq, Kitab Bhavan, 1784, Kalan Mahal, Daraya Ganj, New Delhi, India.
Imam Abu ‘Abdur Rahman Ahmad Nasa’i (with Arabic Text), 2006. Sunaan Nasa’I, Vol. I.
Translated in English by Muhammad Iqbal Siddiqi. Kitab Bhavan, 1784 Kalan Mahal, Daraya Ganj, New Delhi‐110002. Improved Indian edition. ISBN: 81‐7151‐368‐9 (Vol. I).
Imam Abu ‘Abdur Rahman Ahmad Nasa’i (with Arabic Text), 2006. Sunaan Nasa’I, Vol. II.
Translated in English by Muhammad Iqbal Siddiqi. Kitab Bhavan, 1784 Kalan Mahal, Daraya Ganj, New Delhi‐110002. Improved Indian edition. ISBN: 81‐7151‐369‐7 (Vol. II).
Lings, Martin. 1983. Muhammad his life based on the earliest sources. Inner Traditions
International, One Park Street, Rochester, Vermont 05767, USA.
Muslim, Abu al‐Hussain b. al‐Hajjaj al‐Qushairi. 2004. Sahih Muslim, vol. i. Translated into English by Abdul Hamid Siddiqi, Kitab Bhavan, 1784 Kalan Mahal, Daraya Ganj, New Delhi‐110002, India.
Muslim, Abu al‐Hussain b. al‐Hajjaj al‐Qushairi. 2004. Sahih Muslim, vol.ii. Translated in English by Abdul Hamid Siddiqi,. Kitab Bhavan, 1784 Kalan Mahal, Daraya Ganj, New Delhi‐110002, India.
Muslim, Abu al‐Hussain b. al‐Hajjaj al‐Qushairi. 2004. Sahih Muslim, vol.iii. Translated in English by Abdul Hamid Siddiqi. Kitab Bhavan, 1784 Kalan Mahal, Daraya Ganj, New Delhi‐110002, India.
Bibliography
Islamic Voodoos
Muslim, Abu al‐Hussain b. al‐Hajjaj al‐Qushairi. 2004. Sahih Muslim, vol .iv. Translated in English by Abdul Hamid Siddiqi,. Kitab Bhavan, 1784 Kalan Mahal, Daraya Ganj, New Delhi‐110002.
Walker, Benjamin. 2004. Foundations of Islam. Rupa & Co. New Delhi. First published in Great Britain by Peter Owen Publishers, 1998.
Shaikh, N.M. Rafi Ahmad Fidai, The Companions of the Holy Prophet, revised and consolidated edition. Adam Publishers & Distributors, India, 2001.
Yazid ibn‐i‐Maja Al‐Qazwani, Imam Abu Abdullah Muhammad b. 2003. (with Arabic Text), Sunaan IbniMajah, vol.v. 2nd. Ed. Translated in English by Muhammad Tufail Ansari. Kitab Bhavan, 1784 Kalan Mahal, Daraya Ganj, New Delhi‐110002, India.
Yazid ibn‐i‐Maja Al‐Qazwani, Imam Abu Abdullah Muhammad b. 1994. (with Arabic Text), Sunaan IbniMajah,vol.i. Translated in English by Muhammad Tufail Ansari. Kitab Bhavan, 1784 Kalan Mahal, Daraya Ganj, New Delhi‐110002, India.
Yazid ibn‐i‐Maja Al‐Qazwani, Imam Abu Abdullah Muhammad b. 2003. (with Arabic Text), Sunaan IbniMajah, vol. ii. 2nd Ed. Translated in English by Muhammad Tufail Ansari. Kitab Bhavan, 1784 Kalan Mahal, Daraya Ganj, New Delhi‐110002, India.
Yazid ibn‐i‐Maja Al‐Qazwani, Imam Abu Abdullah Muhammad b. 2003. (with Arabic Text), Sunaan IbniMajah,vol. iii. 2nd Ed Translated in English by Muhammad Tufail Ansari. Kitab Bhavan, 1784 Kalan Mahal, Daraya Ganj, New Delhi‐110002, India.
Yazid ibn‐i‐Maja Al‐Qazwani, Imam Abu Abdullah Muhammad b. 2003. (with Arabic Text), Sunaan IbniMajah,vol.iv. 2nd Ed. Translated in English by Muhammad Tufail Ansari. Kitab Bhavan, 1784 Kalan Mahal, Daraya Ganj, New Delhi‐110002, India.
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